No. 3
David Sun
Cofounder, chief operating officer,
Kingston Technology Co.
estimated worth: $1.75 billion
No. 3
John Tu
Cofounder, chief executive,
president Kingston Technology Co.
estimated worth: $1.75 billion
David Sun and John Tu saw an estimated drop in wealth in the past year as low prices for memory chips drove down sales and profits at their Fountain Valley-based Kingston Technology Co.
Kingston, the biggest maker of memory products for computers and consumer electronics with a quarter of the market, saw sales fall 11% to $4 billion in 2008 from 2007. The market has shown some signs of stabilizing this year but little real improvement.
The downturn has crimped profits at Kingston and presumably the privately held company’s valuation. Sun and Tu are estimated to own the vast majority of the company. They also have other investments.
We’ve pegged them at $1.75 billion this year, down 12% from $2 billion a year ago. The duo fell one spot on our ranking to No. 3. They’ve jumped around our list before.
Kingston buys memory chips from Asian, European and American suppliers and assembles them on to circuit boards used for short-term data storage in computers. They also build chips into memory cards and flash drives used in consumer electronics.
As prices for memory chips fall,as they have for a while now,so do prices for Kingston’s products. That eats into profits.
Our valuation of Kingston comes from looking at publicly traded memory products makers,Fremont-based Smart Modular Technologies Inc., Santa Ana’s STEC Inc. and Milpitas-based SanDisk Corp.
We presume a premium for Kingston, given its role as the largest maker of memory products.
Fortune came to Tu and Sun after building Kingston and then selling 80% to Japan’s Softbank Corp. for $1.5 billion in 1996. Three years later, they bought it back at a discount.
Both men are on their second fortunes, having founded memory products maker Camintonn in the 1980s and selling it to former Irvine computer maker AST Research Inc.
They left AST to start Kingston after losing millions in Camintonn proceeds in the 1987 stock market crash.
Sun and Tu are known for their generosity. They made headlines in the 1990s when they handed out $100 million in bonuses to workers after selling the company to Softbank.
Kingston has put its name behind fundraising events by local nonprofits, including the Boys & Girls Clubs of Huntington Beach and Fountain Valley and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, which has a chapter in Irvine.
It also helped run a food drive benefiting the Orange County Food Bank along with other neighboring businesses in Fountain Valley earlier this year.
Sun has given to Taiwanese charities, the Presbyterian Church and education causes.
Tu has given to stem cell research, inspired in part by friend and AST cofounder Tom Yuen, a dialysis patient. He’s also given to other healthcare groups and to the homeless.
In Erin Gruwell’s “The Freedom Writers Diary,” a book that was made into a movie a few years ago, Tu is the businessman benefactor for a group of inner city high school kids.
Tu, originally from China, moved to the U.S. in 1972. Sun, who was born in Taiwan, came in 1977.
,Sarah Tolkoff
No. 5
Henry Nicholas
Cofounder, Broadcom Corp
.
estimated worth: $1.7 billion
Henry Nicholas is putting his wealth to work on what appears to be a polishing of his image ahead of fraud and drug trials next year.
High-powered lawyers, publicists and philanthropy are part of what’s seen as the remaking of “Nick,” as Nicholas is known.
He’s hired the best. John Potter, of Quinn Emanuel Urquhart Oliver & Hedges LLP in San Francisco, is defending Nicholas on federal drug charges. Potter earlier held a number of high positions in the U.S. Attorney’s Office. He’s best known for the civil rights prosecution of the Los Angeles police officers in the Rodney King beating.
Brendan Sullivan, of Washington, D.C.-based Williams & Connolly LLP and the lawyer for Oliver North in Iran-Contra, is handling federal charges related to backdated stock options at Irvine-based Broadcom.
Los Angeles-based crisis consultant Michael Sitrick monitors and reacts to what’s being written about Nicholas. Other handlers are mounting a carefully paced campaign of friendly media and public appearances tied to charitable activities.
Nicholas, who left as Broadcom chief executive in 2003, faces trial in February on 21 counts of plotting to backdate options for employees. A separate trial on drug charges is set to come after.
Nicholas has pleaded not guilty in both cases.
We estimate Nicholas’ wealth at $1.7 billion, based on his Broadcom shares and other investments. A year ago, we estimated Nicholas at $1.8 billion.
Nicholas owns 29 million Broadcom shares with a recent market value of about $800 million. He’s sold an estimated $1.1 billion in shares since the company went public in 1998.
Like cofounder Henry Samueli, Nicholas has been steadily selling shares.
We value Nicholas at slightly less than Samueli, who owns 32 million shares. It hasn’t always been that way,in the past we put Nicholas slightly higher because of Samueli’s more extensive giving.
This time, we’ve tried to factor in Nicholas’ spending on lawyers and consultants, as well as what is reported to have been lavish lifestyle spending.
Next year, Nicholas’ mounting legal bills and a pending settlement of his divorce from his former wife, Stacey, is set to weigh on our estimate.
The two are legally divorced but still are working out a financial settlement, according to sources.
Earlier this year, a judge dismissed a lawsuit by Stacey seeking to remove Nicholas from a joint trust that controls 28% of the voting power of Broadcom, plus other investments.
The suit alleged Nicholas misspent $60 million of their fortune on a recording company and other ventures.
,Sarah Tolkoff
No. 6
James Jannard
Founder, Oakley Inc
.;
founder, chief executive,
Red Digital Cinema Camera Co.
estimated worth: $1.5 billion
Jim Jannard’s wealth is estimated to have held relatively steady in the past year.
The bulk of his riches comes from selling a 64% stake in Foothill Ranch-based sunglasses maker Oakley Inc. to Italy’s Luxottica Group SPA in 2007.
Jannard’s take in the $2.1 billion cash deal was $1.3 billion.
Our $1.5 billion estimate for Jannard is based on his proceeds from the sale and investments. Like others, he’s presumed to have seen some decline in investments in the past year, which led to a 6% lower estimate from $1.6 billion in 2008.
At the time of the Oakley sale, Jannard said he planned invest in Luxottica, though it’s unclear how much he owns, if any, in the
company.
Luxottica’s U.S. traded shares are down slightly in the past year.
One of his investments is Lake Forest-based Red Digital Cinema Camera Co., a startup maker of digital cameras for TV and movie production.
Getting a valuation on Red Digital is difficult, but its value is presumed to have grown in the past year as it makes headway.
Jannard plans an 80-acre Las Vegas compound that would house a camera factory and other operations for Red Digital.
He splits his time among here, Nevada and the channel islands of Washington state.
Our estimate for Jannard’s wealth differs from Forbes’ $2.2 billion estimate in March, which was down from $3 billion in September.
Our estimate takes into account Jannard’s early Oakley stock sales (though much of those proceeds seemed to have been put back into Oakley), as well as spending on drag racing, other hobbies and his divorce.
He still holds the titles of “chief mad scientist” and “chief visionary” at Oakley, where the business runs on a cult of Jannard.
More of Jannard’s time is being spent at Red Digital, which he started in 2005.
The company specializes in digital, cinema-quality cameras that are cheaper to use than film models. The cameras were used in movies “Angels and Demons” and “The Informant,” as well as TV’s “Southland.”
Jannard long has been passionate about photography, which spurred his initial interest in high-definition cameras.
His photographic subjects include his dogs, his personal Bombardier Global Express jet and race cars.
Jannard started Oakley in 1975, selling motorcycle grips out of his station wagon. He eventually added goggles and sunglasses.
,Michael Volpe
No. 7
Igor Olenicoff
Owner, founder, president,
Olen Properties Corp.
estimated worth: $1.2 billion
Developer and real estate owner Igor Olenicoff is said to be weathering the downturn better than others who feasted on debt during the boom years.
Olenicoff is estimated at $1.2 billion, down from $1.5 billion a year ago, based on lower valuations for the office buildings, apartments and other real estate he owns.
A consideration is what sources say is relatively low debt for his Newport Beach-based Olen Proper-ties Corp.
This year, Olenicoff is said to have refinanced debt at lower rates on 34 projects, boosting cash flow.
He’s been focused on buying discounted mortgages on high-rise office buildings from institutional investors, including one on an Irvine building.
Olenicoff’s company owns more than 6 million square feet of commercial real estate, much in Orange County, as well as nearly 12,000 apartments in Las Vegas, Arizona and Florida.
The fall in real estate values in OC and Olenicoff’s other markets undoubtedly impacted his wealth in the past year.
Olenicoff now is at the same level the Business Journal estimated him at in 2006. As with just about all our estimates, our figure for Olenicoff is conservative.
In March, Forbes estimated Olenicoff to be worth $1.4 billion.
Olenicoff’s recent acquisitions are said to have been largely in cash, according to sources.
In 2006, he bought Chicago’s One South Dearborn tower for a reported $362 million.
In early 2005, Olenicoff paid about $135 million for a pair of 13-story office towers on Irvine’s Main Street. It was his first big local high-rise office buy.
Olenicoff owns close to 1,400 acres of land in Temecula, Nevada, Arizona and Florida that surely have fallen in value in the past few years.
Other sources of wealth for Olenicoff include stocks, loans he’s made and cash holdings, according to sources.
Olenicoff made his fortune after his family fled Soviet Moscow and landed in America by way of Iran in 1957. He started Olen in 1973.
Last year, he settled a long-running tax dispute with federal authorities over the size of his holdings and money kept in overseas accounts, paying about $50 million in penalties.
Olenicoff moved more than $300 million in previously undocumented overseas accounts to the U.S. as part of the settlement.
He’s suing his former UBS AG bankers for $500 million, saying they gave him bad advice and turned him over to the feds to protect themselves. Olenicoff said he’d donate any money won to charity.
,Mark Mueller
No. 8
William Gross
Cofounder, co-chief investment
officer, managing director,
Pacific Investment Management Co.
estimated worth: $1.1 billion
Bill Gross has made a fortune in bonds.
We estimate his wealth at $1.1 billion, off from $1.2 billion last year based on a running presumption of lower valuations for investments among the county’s wealthiest.
But it’s unclear what Gross invests his wealth in, making our estimate open to error, likely on the conservative side.
A big part of Gross’ wealth comes from the 2000 sale of Newport Beach-based bond fund manager Pacific Invest-ment Management Co. to Germany’s Allianz SE for $4.7 billion.
Gross, a Pimco cofounder, is believed to have received $400 million in the sale.
On top of that, Gross reportedly has been paid a sports star-type salary and bonuses. Before Pimco’s sale, he’s believed to have collected big dividends based on the performance of his funds.
He runs Pimco’s $165 billion Total Return Fund, the world’s largest mutual fund. Pimco manages some $840 billion in all, with Gross serving as co-chief investment officer alongside Chief Executive Mohamed El-Erian.
Gross invests by speculating on shifts in bond prices as well as the yields they pay. He’s been known to change his strategy without notice.
Last fall, he missed a big rally in Treasury bonds as investors fled stocks. Instead, he bought beaten-down mortgage bonds in a re-bound play. This year he’s touted corporate bonds.
Humble and almost shy, Gross got his first taste of money management gambling, turning $200 into $10,000 in four months playing blackjack. He also ran a Kentucky Derby pool while at North Carolina’s Duke University.
After earning a business master’s from the University of California, Los Angeles, Gross became a securities analyst at Newport Beach-based Pacific Life Insurance Co.
In 1971, Gross helped start Pimco within Pacific Life. The bond fund manager set off on its own in 1994 as Pimco Advisors.
An avid stamp collector, Gross has spent an estimated $100 million on his hobby. He’s said to own every stamp produced in the U.S. from 1847 to 1869.
Last year, he auctioned off his Scandinavian stamps for the Millennium Villages project at the Earth Institute at Columbia University in the City of New York. The project aids some of Africa’s poorest.
In 2007, he raised $9 million for Doctors Without Borders after selling stamps he bought for $2.5 million.
His other giving includes $23.5 million to Duke University for scholarships, $20 million to Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian for its women’s pavilion and $10 million to the Uni-versity of California, Irvine, for stem cell research.
,Dan Beighley
No. 9
George Argyros
Chairman, chief executive,
Arnel & Affiliates;
Limited partner, Westar Capital LLC
estimated worth: $1 billion
George Argyros saw investments decline on two fronts,Wall Street and real estate,in the past year.
We estimate Argyros at $1 billion this year, down from $1.5 billion a year ago. He’s seen big drops in his major stock holdings and is presumed to have seen declines in his apartments, offices, industrial space and shopping centers.
Costa Mesa-based Arnel & Affiliates, a real estate development and investment company Argyros started in 1968, owns 5,160 apartments and some 2 million square feet of office, industrial and retail space in and around Orange County.
Among them are the 280,000-square-foot Metro Pointe shopping center in Costa Mesa and the 356,000-square-foot Puente Hills Business Center in City of Industry.
The value of Argyros’ real estate undoubtedly has gone down in the past year, though not necessarily as much as land for homebuilding or high-rise office buildings has.
Argyros’ real estate holdings likely are worth $1.5 billion or more.
Conservatively factoring in debt, the Business Journal estimates Argyros’ wealth from real estate to be worth close to $600 million.
His major stock holdings, which make up about 35% of his wealth, have been hard hit in the past two years.
Argyros is the largest individual investor in Kansas City, Mo.-based software company DST Systems Inc., owning 9 million shares with a market value of $380 million at last check.
DST’s shares are down by 30% in the past 12 months and off nearly 50% in the past two years.
The company is an early investment of Costa Mesa’s Westar Capital LLC, Argyros’ investment firm.
He has a smaller stake in Santa Ana’s First American Corp., where he’s a director of the title insurer and data services company.
His First American stake has a market value of about $30 million at recent check, about even with a year ago though down by 45% since 2007.
Down markets are nothing new to Argyros. He’s said to be looking to capitalize on the tumult in the real estate and credit markets through opportunistic investments, and he has placed money in a few local endeavors, according to confidants.
Argyros says he’s a long-term investor and contends the market will recover.
Born in Detroit and raised in Pasadena, Argyros graduated from Chapman University in 1959 with a major in business and economics. He also attended Michigan State University.
He served as chairman of Chapman’s board of trustees from 1976 until his 2001 to 2004 appointment by President Bush as ambassador to Spain. He rejoined as a Chapman trustee upon his return. Argyros is one of the school’s biggest benefactors.
,Mark Mueller
No. 10
Caroline Getty
Heiress to J. Paul Getty,
Executive committee member,
the Wilderness Society
estimated worth: $950 million
No. 10
Anne Catherine Getty Earhart
Heiress to J. Paul Getty,
Founder, Marisla Foundation,
the Wilderness Society
estimated worth: $950 million
Caroline Getty and sister Anne Catherine Getty Earhart have turned oil money into environmental and political activism.
They’re granddaughters of late oil tycoon J. Paul Getty who keep low profiles while supporting environmental and Democratic causes.
The sisters are two of the nation’s richest women and are among 16 grandchildren of the autocratic billionaire. We estimate their worth at a conservative $950 million each.
Our estimate is up from $850 million a year ago because we re-evaluated last year’s figure to be too low.
We presume their wealth to be relatively stable in the past year. The Getty sisters likely have seen some drops in investments, but the declines are presumed to be less than those seen by big real estate and stock owners.
The sisters’ wealth comes from J. Paul Getty, who struck oil in 1953 and founded Getty Oil Co. in 1956. He died in 1976.
After a nine-year battle over Getty’s will, a 1985 settlement gave Earhart, Caroline Getty and one other daughter of his late son George Franklin Getty II $750 million each.
The family sold part of Getty Oil to what’s now Chevron Corp. for $10 billion in 1986. Caroline Getty and Earhart got an additional $400 million each from the sale.
They continue to give away money.
Earhart, 56, lives in Corona del Mar. She’s founder of Laguna Beach’s Marisla Founda-tion, which unsuccessfully fought the San Joaquin Hills (73) Toll Road in the 1990s.
In 2008, Earhart gave richly to Democratic candidates, including Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton, Joe Biden and Al Franken.
Getty, 51, also is an environmental activist. She’s a member of the governing council of The Wilderness Society and has served on the boards of the World Wildlife Fund and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation.
,Sherri Cruz
No. 12
Paul Merage
Chairman, Falcon Investment Group LLC, Stoneridge Capital
Partners, Silverpoint Investments,
estimated worth: $725 million
Paul Merage is one of those who made a fortune elsewhere and is enjoying it in Orange County.
He’ll forever be tied to his contribution to snack food culture as inventor of Hot Pockets with brother David Merage. Together, they sold their Colorado-based Chef America Inc. to Nestl & #233; SA for $2.6 billion in 2002.
We conservatively estimate Merage’s wealth at $725 million based on the sale, after factoring in the stake of his brother (who lives primarily in Colorado), as well as any other ownership, debt and taxes.
In OC, Merage is largely known for his philanthropy and family investment firm, Newport Beach-based Falcon Investment Group LLC.
Merage also is chairman of Newport Beach-based Stoneridge Capital Partners, which invests in commercial real estate, and Silverpoint Investments, a private equity firm that invests in small to midsize businesses.
A good chunk of Merage’s time is spent giving away money through the Merage Foundations.
The Merage Foundation for the American Dream focuses on immigration issues and chooses bright, young immigrants for $20,000 grants.
His Children First recruits skilled retirees to work in jobs in early childhood development with low-income kids.
The Merage Foundation for U.S.-Israel Trade seeks to promote business ties between the countries.
He’s also a major benefactor to the local Jewish community through the Merage Jewish Community Center of Orange County in Irvine.
Merage is best known locally for his $30 million donation in 2005 to the University of California, Irvine’s business school, which is named after him.
He also serves on several boards including those of the Orange County Performing Arts Center and the Pacific Symphony.
Merage came from Iran in the early 1960s.
,Michael Volpe
No. 13
William Lyon
Chairman, chief executive, William Lyon Homes Inc.
estimated worth: $700 million
The homebuilding downturn isn’t doing favors for the wealth of any builder, including Gen. William Lyon.
For the third year running, we’ve lowered our estimate for Lyon, owner and chief executive of Newport Beach-based homebuilder William Lyon Homes Inc. This year, we estimate him at $700 million, down from $800 million a year ago.
At the peak of the housing boom, we conservatively estimated Lyon to be a billionaire.
The 12% decline this year is based on lower valuations for publicly traded homebuilders, which are down an additional 10% to 40% in the past year.
Lyon also is presumed to have seen lower values for the apartments he owns. His Lyon Apartments Cos. manages 14,000 apartments, most believed to be owned by Lyon.
Offsetting real estate declines for Lyon is his classic car collection, estimated by some at as much as $300 million.
Lyon took his homebuilding company private in 2006, near the peak of the housing boom.
He bought out the rest of the company he didn’t already own for about $275 million.
The deal valued Will-iam Lyon Homes at about $950 million at the time.
Since then, the company’s seen declining revenue and slower sales, particularly in its core market of California.
Known as The General, 84-year-old Lyon commanded the Air Force Reserve before retiring from the military in 1979 as a major general.
These days, Lyon is grooming 35-year-old son Bill H. Lyon to take over William Lyon Homes. In March, the younger Lyon was promoted to president.
Lyon is one of the county’s biggest philanthropists and supporters of Republican candidates.
,Mark Mueller
No. 14
Janie Tsao
President, Miven Venture Partners
Victor Tsao
General partner, Miven Venture Partners
estimated worth: $550 million
Victor and Janie Tsao are enjoying the fruits of their success these days with venture capital investing, charitable works and pet projects.
They’ve cut ties with Cisco Systems Inc., which bought their Linksys Group Inc. for $500 million in 2003. The Tsaos stayed on for a while after the deal closed, working for Cisco in China.
Cisco now has fully integrated Linksys into its consumer products group run out of Irvine.
Our estimate for the Tsaos is based on the sale to Cisco and other investments they’re said to have made since then. The husband and wife team is believed to have diversified out of most Cisco shares.
We’ve estimated them to be slightly down from $575 million a year ago with lower prices for just about all types of investments in the past year.
The Tsaos now are a tag team at Newport Beach’s Miven Venture Partners, a venture capital firm and family office with a roughly $100 million venture fund.
Victor Tsao is on the road most of the time, scouting investments in Silicon Valley, China, India, Israel and Vietnam.
Janie Tsao manages daily operations at Miven and heads the family foundation.
Both serve on various advisory boards for startups.
This year, the couple’s charitable giving has centered on higher education, church programs and Parkinson’s research, among others.
And the two are looking to realize a personal dream: to fund projects that help foster communication and better understanding between the U.S. and China.
Both of the Tsaos were born in China.
The couple remains down-to-earth, still doing many things like they did when they started Linksys in 1988 in their garage.
“I still don’t have an assistant,” Victor Tsao said.
,Sarah Tolkoff
No. 14
Howard Ahmanson Jr.
Trustee, Fieldstead and Co.
estimated worth: $550 million
Howard Ahmanson, a banking fortune heir known for bankrolling conservative causes, turned some heads this year.
Earlier this year, Ahmanson said he registered as a Democrat because he was turned off by the California Republican Party’s sole focus on resisting new taxes.
The move once again showed Ahmanson to be more complex than some liberal critics make him out to be.
But Ahmanson’s social conservatism remains solid.
Last year, he gave $1.1 million to support Propo-sition 8, which banned gay marriage in California. He’s a board member of Seattle-based Discovery Institute, known for its advocacy of the anti-Charles Darwin theory of intelligent design.
Ahmanson is feared by some because he has the money to influence, funding a number of religious groups, including charities and journalism projects for Christian colleges.
We estimate Ahmanson’s wealth at $550 million, down slightly from $575 million a year ago. He’s presumed to have seen some declines in investments in the past year at Fieldstead and Co., which manages his assets.
But Ahmanson could be richer than we think.
His father, Howard Fieldstead Ahmanson Sr., started and grew Home Savings & Loan, which was bought for $10 billion in 1998 by Washington Mutual Inc.
The elder Ahmanson spent much of his later years as a philanthropist, creating the Ahmanson Theatre in Los Angeles and the Ahmanson Gallery at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
When Ahmanson died in 1968, his estate was split between the Ahmanson Foundation and then 18-year-old Howard Ahmanson Jr. Today, the foundation has assets of some $700 million.
We’ve based our conservative estimate of Ahmanson’s wealth on that and tried to factor in money he’s given away.
Ahmanson lives in Newport Beach with his wife, Roberta, former religion writer for the Orange County Register. She recently published a new book, “Blind Spot: When Journalists Don’t Get Religion.”
He suffers from Tourette’s syndrome, a neurological disorder that results in involuntary body movements and repetitive, compulsive thoughts.
The couple does a lot of humanitarian work on race relations, feeding the hungry and other causes. On Fieldstead and Co.’s Web site, Ahmanson said he enjoys studying mass transit and driving his hybrid car.
,Sherri Cruz
No. 14
Ronald Simon
Founder, chairman,
RSI Holding Corp.
estimated worth: $500 million
Building and selling kitchen cabinets has been Ron Simon’s path to riches.
We estimate Simon at $500 million based on the 2008 sale of half his company, Newport Beach-based RSI Holding Corp., for $318 million.
The deal valued RSI at $636 million. Our estimate tries to factor in any debt at RSI and taxes Simon could have seen on his sale of half the company.
We estimate Simon to be unchanged from a year ago,we’ve revised our $350 million estimate for him on last year’s list as too low.
Like others, Simon likely saw fluctuations in his wealth in the past year. Just a few months ago, we might have estimated Simon’s wealth to have been lower than a year before.
Publicly traded competitor Virgina’s Ameri-can Woodmark Corp. has seen its shares hold steady in the past 12 months, after falling as much as 40% in March.
RSI, which makes and sells household cabinets to homebuilders and at home improvement stores, has annual revenue of more than $500 million. The company’s sales are presumed to be down from the peak of the housing boom a few years ago.
Toronto-based private equity investor Onex Corp. now owns half the company. Simon still runs it as chairman along with Chief Executive Alex Calabrese.
Simon recently started a homebuilding company, with its first two houses unveiled in Santa Ana in June. The homes are designed to be built within a couple of weeks and are targeted for lower-income families.
Simon was born in East Los Angeles to a Russian mother and English father.
After studying engineering at Los Angeles City College, Simon wanted to start his own business. Instead, his father convinced him to join his medicine cabinet business, Perma-Bilt.
Simon eventually took over and grew it to be the largest maker of medicine cabinets, vanities and marble countertops.
In 1987, he sold it to an Australian company at a time when Asian manufacturers were making it tougher to compete.
Simon, who had stayed on as a Perma-Bilt director, came up with a plan to compete that was rejected by the new owners. So he took the plan and founded RSI. A few years later Perma-Bilt was out of business.
Philanthropy is big for Simon. His Ronald Simon Family Foundation has awarded more than 325 scholarships valued at about $10 million since 2003.
Simon also supports the arts, healthcare and other causes.
,Dan Beighley
